According to Paul Cezanne Essay Example for Free

According to Paul Cezanne Essay Paul Cezanne’s paintings are regarded today as being of considerable importance to the development of modern art. Cezannes use of colour as tone and his heavy interest in the formal elements of composition paved the way for artists following on from him to question what they were perceiving and their ability to visually represent what they saw through painting. This essay will be examining the influence that Paul Cezanne had on Cubism and how this elevated the picture into an autonomous object rather than a mere representation of nature. The French Post-Impressionist painter Paul Cezanne, although heavily ignored by the mainstream art sphere centered within Paris, had a considerable impact on Cubism as he laid out the fundamental ideas from which the cubists would create their works. One of the main key points that was central to the cubists was faceting, this reduction of form within the external world and transforming them to geometrical facets, ‘Nature should be treated as cylinders, spheres and cones.’. See more: Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay Cezanne’s manner of depicting reality with inaccuracy and multiple viewpoints divorced itself from the laws of perceptive construction and allowed him to interpret what he saw in a subjective way, he wasn’t interested in merely imitating what he saw onto the canvas but rather to re-think the conventions which restrict traditional painting. A clear departure from traditional painting as a representational phenomenon has taken place, it’s no longer mimetic of nature or reality but rather holds its own reality within itself and painting and art in general is made autonomous through Cezanne’s unique approach. Where other painters saw transient effects of light Cezanne had the ability to perceive geometric structures and thus from his search for underlying structure of composition came Cubism and then Abstraction. In the impressionist movement, and other predecessors to cubism and post-impressionism, artists weren’t concerned in dealing with matters of inner meaning within their paintings, they were simply responding to what they saw which in turn gave little for the viewer to think about. It is here that we see Cezanne’s more conceptual manner of depicting reality by breaking things into obscure shapes and abstracted form, he projects his inner emotion and consciousness onto the canvas to represent a state of mind, ‘The painter’s idea cannot be conceived apart from the means he uses, for it is meaningful only so far as it is embodied in those means, and the deeper his idea the more complete they must be. I am unable to distinguish between my feelings for life and my way of transposing it. A painting must carry all its meanings within itself, and impose it on the viewer before he identifies the subject matter.’. This parallel of representing nature and self by use of facets and high-keyed colour (colour as a subjective device) is something that’s echoed throughout the works of the cubists, specifically the initial stages of this movement. It seems from this point onwards the painting has become a picture object, it’s removed from the shallow confines of our perception and begins to contribute to reality by adding other aspects and elements, ‘ He was, in fact, the first Post-Impressionist to make, as did the Pointillists and eventually the cubists, as structural analysis of nature, producing an art of the mind concerned with emotional apprehension of formal qualities in mountains, women or onions and totally unconcerned with the evanescent effects of light, shade and atmosphere.’ . This manner of painting had seeped into the consciousness of Pablo Picasso and George Braque, although they had obviously added their own elements to form their own individual styles Ceza nne had laid out the basis from which the cubists could build upon. Although Cubism can be categorised into three key phases: Analytical, Hermetic and Synthetic, it is all somewhat representational of reality. Pushed and stretched to its very limits reality has been distorted and forms are no longer instantly apparent, the viewer must project apart of themselves in order to make sense of what is happening within the painting. From the painters view the cubists applied an aspect of analysis in their paintings by which forms became increasingly fragmented, this way of depicting objects, landscapes and people was similar to Cezanne’s work in the way he represented nature. He was looking beyond the mere surface and impressions which met his gaze and focussed on the inner structures that made up things around him, this of course implies careful consideration and a process of analysis. This is something which resonated with Picasso’s work and contributed to his painting Demoiselles d’ Avingon 1908, ‘He took his cue in this partly from Cezanne’s efforts to fashion a way of painting that would lay bare – or at least open up for exploration by the viewer – the complex process of pictorial representation’. Upon looking at the works of Picasso’s Demoiselles d’ Avingon 1908 and even George Braque’s Houses at L’Estaque 1908, we can indicate a clear influence that is derived from Cezanne’s style of this alignment of nature and the artist. In Braque’s painting we note a visible colour palette which has been simplified and the use of structure that has been used in order to re-create nature, all of which is comparable to Cezanne’s painting Mont Sainte-Victoire 1902-04. However, Braque has accentuated certain elements resulting in a more systematic , clean and simplified style, ‘Yet unlike Cezanne, Braque pushes the juxtaposition of different perspectives to the point of contradiction, and underscores it with a quite arbitrary distribution of light and shade; rooflines fail to meet walls, spaces and solids are elided, buildings are stacked up against one another like playing cards, and in the absence of a horizon the landscape is compress ed into the space of a low relief.’. (FOOTNOTE: Movements in Modern Art Cubism, David Cottington, pg. 22)We notice a clear direction towards further abstraction in terms of form and colour and as cubism progresses these abstractions are further emphasised until reality is barely visible and only signals and indications of things are implied to the viewer. In addition, Picasso’s painting held similar elements of Cezanne’s style and although his painting Demoiselles d’ Avingnon is regarded as more of a proto-cubist artwork in a way it planted the seeds of his style which would later blossom and carry the cubist movement. He is still referencing Cezanne in terms of geometric shapes, limited colours, the fusions between negative and positive shapes and also the arbitrary use of light as he sees fit. Moving away from Demoiselles d’ Avingnon and focussing on Cottage and Trees (La Rue-des-Bois) 1908, again we see a direct correlation in terms of style to Cezanne’s and even Braque’s painting Houses at L’Estaque, in terms of subject matter it’s quite similar; fragmented shapes are used to signify a landscape with houses and contorted trees, however this use of shapes is further abstracted from that of Cezanne’s and Braque’s and again we see the use of colour being completely redundant in terms of imitating the world. The painting has become a complex of invented forms, singular viewpoints, accurate proportions and visual representation are no longer necessary, ‘Picasso independently emphasises each elemnt – volume, line, plane, light and shade – even at the expense of compositional unity. The effect is to maximise the dynamic effect of the painting.’. The emancipation of pictorial elements of line and colour elevated the painting to the picture object, as these elements no longer needed to be used objectively to depict the reality in which we are all submitted to, rather the artists can form the basis of a painting from reality and meet it halfway through his use of representing the internal reality which he is mentally experiencing. Cezanne used a process of analysis and reflection in creating his work which then influenced the cubists to constitute their own individual reality and project it onto the canvas. The result being fragmented geometric shapes which accentuate certain elements of figures, subjective and limited use of colour and an overall less naturalistic representation of what is directly being observed, this in turn helped painters like the cubists to re think what they were painting and also to think of what painting in general could be.

Canada At War :: essays research papers

Any war is a horrific event that may last years. Wars leave a legacy of death and destruction. They aren’t just for soldiers and battlefields but for new weapons that make destruction possible on our lands, beneath our seas, and in our air. They bring suffering and death to all families, races and nationalities. No matter where you live during the wars, they can effect you; seeing families destroyed, lives taken and children screaming in horror. In each World War Canada took apart defending their parent country, helping the countries that needed their help. We, as Canadians, should feel proud because many men from our Canadian Troops gave up their families, their friends even their lives to give the countries that needed them the freedom that Canadians had.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Black Watches were a famous Scottish army command known as the Royal Highland Regiment. The troop was founded when there were threats of local trouble in Scotland. So eight leaders each raised a company of soldiers designed to keep peace. The first duties included controlling the uprising clans in the Scottish Highlands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Battalion’s worth as a military was proven on many occasions. The troops were called out to serve for many months on the Canadian border of the Niagara Peninsula and the Eastern Townships during the Fenian Raids of 1886 and 1870. The Canadian Troops also set out in aid of the civil power in 1877 during the Orange Riots, the Quebec riots which were a year later and served at the smallpox Riot of 1885. Due to Canada’s service over seas in Africa, the Royal Highlanders were awarded the battle honour, South Africa 1889-1900.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1905 was the year that the Royal Highlanders Regiment was formally allied with the Black Watch Troops in Scotland, and in 1906 that army was ordered to form a second army. It was the only two-army command stationed in one city for years. On August 1st, 1914 Sir Robert Borden, the Prime Minister of Canada, offered the Black Watch’s of Canada to help Great Britain in a war against Germany, Great Britain accepted the offer. 300 of the men volunteered. During World War I, three more Black Watch armies were formed. By the end of the month the Black Watch has over 1,000 men. Over 60% of the original soldiers were of British origin. During the first acts of war, the Canadian army lost over a hundred officers, and nearly 460 other ranks.

Who killed the princes in the tower

Edward V and his younger brother Richard, were sent to the Tower by Richard Ill(also their uncle). the boys were declared illegitimate and the Duke was crowned King Richard Ill. Then the Princes vanished†¦ Richard Ill has usually been considered the most likely culprit. By declaring the princes illegitimate, he cleared his way to the throne. He would secure his position by having them murdered. In 1485, Richard Ill was killed in the Battle of Bosworth.The defeater, Henry Tudor, was crowned King Henry VI'. It was in the Tudors' interest to paint Richard as a villain. Henry VII is also a suspect. He married the princes' sister, Elizabeth of York, strengthening his claim to the throne. This could have been jeopardised if the boys had survived. It does seem unlikely that they survived beyond the end of Richard's reign without being seen. There are also other suspects including the Duke of Buckingham, once Richard's closest ally, whom he later had beheaded.Thomas More, writing over 3 0 years later, stated that the princes were mothered on their uncle's orders, secretly buried ‘at the stair foot', and then reburied elsewhere in the Tower. Two skeletons, identified as those of the princes, were discovered when a building in front of the White Tower was demolished in 1674. The skeletons were examined in 1933 and pronounced as belonging to two boys, aged about ten and twelve. Were these the two boys? I think that king Richard Ill killed the two boys, but then again How could a man who seems to be so fiercely loyal to his brother, kill his brother's children after his death?Despite having eliminated the two princes from being in line for the throne, his claim to the throne was still insecure and the Princes could be a threat all the time they were alive. Richards enemies would seize on them as a leader without real power and Richard couldn't afford that. Despite the rumours and accusations of murder, Richard never attempted to prove them alive by having them se en in public nor did he open any investigation into an investigation into the matter. This to me seems very suspicious and therefore that is why I am convinced Richard Ill killed the princes in the tower.

Rwt1 Compensation Strategy Essay - 2773 Words

Business Research Report Compensation Strategies ABC Manufacturing Presented to: Western Governors University Assessment Code: RWT1 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Research Findings 5 Market Based Pay Structure 5 Traditional vs. Broadband Strategies 6 Total Rewards Strategy 7 Recommendations 8 Conclusion 9 References 10 References (continued) 11 Executive Summary There are three compensation strategies that we looked at in depth within this paper. 1) Market Based 2) Traditional vs. Broadband 3) Total Rewards†¦show more content†¦3. Total Rewards Strategy – This structure is very complex, yet comes with a lot of flexibility to allow for growth and internal satisfaction. The pitfalls with this structure come with the implementation, which could be treacherous and difficult to convey to our employees. The strategy that we choose should be: o Equitable o Perceived as fair and we should be able to defend our position o We should be able to afford the compensation plan o Legal o In line with our policies and culture Research Findings While gathering the research for this paper I came across numerous compensation strategies. As with anything in life, we find a lot of possibilities, however there were three main structures that jumped to the forefront. 1) Market Based Pay Structure 2) Traditional Strategy vs. Broadband; these two are similar in design (which is why we must look at these two side by side) in some areas and have major differences in others 3) Total Rewards Strategy. Let’s take a look at all three in depth. Market Based Pay Structure In today’s current market, according to the salary structure survey performed by WorldAtWork and Deloitte Consulting LLP (October 2012), theShow MoreRelatedImpact of Compensation on Employee Motivation in a Manufacturing Unit435 Words   |  2 Pagesï » ¿Business Research Report Presented to: Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name: Student ID: Date: Mentor Name: Introduction Introduce the subject and purpose of the report The research compares and contrasts several compensation strategies and determine the appropriateness of each compensation strategy for the organization Main Ideas of the Report This study aims to investigate the impact of compensation on employee motivation in a manufacturing unit comprising of 120 employees RelationshipRead MoreRwt16409 Words   |  26 PagesBusiness Research Report Compensation Strategies for 2014 Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name:   Student ID:   Date: 9/15/13 Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Research Findings Salaried/Hourly Compensation Commission/Productivity-Based Compensation Longevity Compensation Recommendations6 Conclusion7 References8 Executive Summary This report reviews three different compensation strategies PepsiCo can develop and implement within all of our PepsiCo. Brands and businessesRead MoreRWT1 Business Research Report1785 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Business Research Report Compensation Strategies for 2014 Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name: Student ID: Date: 9/15/13 Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Research Findings Salaried/Hourly Compensation Commission/Productivity-Based Compensation Longevity Compensation Recommendations 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Executive Summary This report reviews three different compensation strategies PepsiCo can develop and implement within all of our PepsiCoRead MoreRWT1 Business Research Report Essay2044 Words   |  9 PagesPresented to: Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name: Student ID: Date: Mentor Name: Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction As manufacturers of high precision electronic test equipment, ABC Electronic Test Equipment is in a highly competitive industry that is always looking for the most highly qualified and skilled employees. Edward Lawler of the Center for Effective Organizations at the University of Southern California, the author of many books on compensation, believes that â€Å"employeesRead MoreEssay on Rwt1 Wgu Business Report2499 Words   |  10 PagesBusiness Research Report Evaluating Compensation Strategies Assessment Code: RWT1 Table of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Research Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 Finding Number 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 Finding Number 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Finding Number 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreRwt1 Research Paper2304 Words   |  10 PagesResearch Report Compensation Strategies Presented to: Management Assessment Code: RWT1 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Research Findings 5 Performance Based Pay 5 Salary 6 Longevity Pay 7 Recommendations 8 Conclusion 8 References 9 Executive Summary This report examines 3 different compensation systems that our company can develop and enforce within our company for our employees. Compensation is the most importantRead MoreBusiness Research Report3592 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Business Research Report Compensation Strategies Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name: Adrianna Mentis Student ID: 000272273 Date: July 18, 2014 Mentor Name: Lindsey Box Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 3-4 Research Findings 4-8 BONUS PLAN 4-5 TUITION REIMBURSEMENT 6-7 BENEFIT PACKAGES 7-8 Recommendations 7 Conclusion 8-9 References 10 Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to review 3 different analyzed employee compensation strategies that could potentially benefit

Building Effective Team And Teamwork - 1291 Words

Building Effective Team and Teamwork There are several attributes that a team must have to be regarded as an effective one. First, an effective team has interdependent members. Its productivity and efficiency are influenced by the level of coordination and interaction amongst and between its members. Second, effective team helps its members work together rather than alone. This implies that the team outperforms the productivity of an individual in the team. Third, effective team functions so efficiently that in the end, it yields the magnetism. The attraction created evokes the feeling of wanting to be associated with the team amongst its members because of the merits derived from team membership. Fourth, such team does not always have the same person as the leader. The leadership role is rotated amongst the team members as it grows and expands over time. Fifth, the members of team care for and nurture each other. None of the members is treated as unimportant in the team. Every membe r is recognized to play an integral part towards the success of the team. Sixth, effective team comprises members that applaud and encourage the leader, and vice versa. The mutual spirit of encouraging each other helps the members to work harder. Finally, the membership of these teams trusts each other wholly. Alongside their desire to succeed individually, the members also wish that their partners also succeeded as well. Generally, effective teams are established after passing four stages ofShow MoreRelatedBuilding Effective Teams And Teamwork, And Leading Positive Change1472 Words   |  6 Pagesempowering and engaging others, building effective teams and teamwork, and leading positive change. Each one of these core elements is very important in developing group skills and can always be improved if the proper approach is taken. Effective empowering and engagement is made up of 9 various dimensions. For example, personal mastery experiences, modeling, providing support, arousing positive emotions, providing information, providing resources, organizing teams, creating confidence, and delegatingRead MoreThe Importance Of A Leadership And Teamwork751 Words   |  4 PagesTeam Building Leadership and teamwork are synonymous. Leadership is very important and is evident in the culture of the school. Teamwork involves individuals working together to achieve a common goal. Team building is the manner by which the team performance measures for improvement. It is the process taken to manifest communication and encourage cooperation. 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It is very much distinct from team training, which is designed to improve efficiency, rather than interpersonal relations. Many team-building exercises are aimed to expose and address the interpersonal problems within the group.[1] These activities are intended to improve performance in a team-based environmentRead MoreTeamwork1485 Words   |  6 PagesTeamwork There are two ways of spreading light : to be the candle or the mirror that reflects it GOOSE - G is for GOAL The sense of a goose! The sense of a goose! People who are part of a team and share a common direction get there quicker and easier because they are traveling on trust of one another and they support each other all the way. GOOSE - O is for ORGANISED If we have as much sense as a goose we will stay in formation and share information with those who are headed theRead More The Essence of Teamwork Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Essence of Teamwork â€Å"Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their hard work. For if one of them should fall, the other one can raise his partner up. But how will it be with just the one who falls when there is not another to raise him up?† – Ecclesiastes 4:9, 10 As the scriptural text quoted above implies, teamwork can accomplish what the individual cannot do on his or her own. Teamwork is defined as â€Å"a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed

The Perpetuation of Racism in Canada by the Mainstream...

The Perpetuation of Racism in Canada by the Mainstream News Media Canada is internationally renowned for its commitment to multiculturalism. In fact, Canada was the first nation to officially adopt a multicultural policy. However, while the Canadian government has developed a broad-based multicultural mandate that includes a national human rights code and increased penalties for hate-motivated crimes, and most Canadians oppose overt forms of discrimination and hate, racism continues to exist in Canadian society, albeit in a subtle fashion. Many theorists lay blame for the perpetuation of racism in Canadian society on the mainstream news media, arguing that racist preconceptions are reflected and reinforced through the use of†¦show more content†¦However, theorists contend that the news media has a much larger role in shaping the way members of a society think and behave. For example, Wilson and Gutierrez argue that the news media plays a central role in defining society (by virtue of its surveillance and informer functions) through the reinforcement of standards, norms, and values. 4 Likewise, J. R. Ponting, in his analysis of stereotyping of Aboriginals in Canada, notes that the news media imposes a culturally racist model of Canadian society by using ethno-specific values and norms. 5 In addition, Todd Ferguson, a Montreal-based social activist, argues that the news media constructs status quo reality through the process of legitimisation and reinforcement of standards and norms. 6 That is, the media transmi ts and reinforces culturally specific standards (i.e. beliefs, images, norms, and values) by selecting value-laden news coverage. Augie Fleras and John Lock Kunz further the argument, pointing out that what appears as mainstream and unbiased is, in actuality, socially constructed. Fleras and Kunz point out that news items (i.e. the events or issues that are covered) are chosen by personnel (such as editors) on the basis of personal, institutional, corporate, and commercial priorities. 7 In other words, the news media is market driven. The mainstream news media, therefore, are not merelyShow MoreRelatedTrends And Patterns Of Asian North American1634 Words   |  7 Pagesoccurrence: as a second generation Japanese-Canadian, I have grown up surrounded by American and Canadian media that lacks representation of Asians to the point that seeing an Asian on my television is an thrilling. This is the sad reality of the state of representation of Asians on television. I have learned and experienced first hand that the lack of proper representation of Asian people in the media is widespread and widely unexamined, and often denied importance. 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The instructor is solely responsible for the editorial content of such materials. 111 MANGGEN ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Management Contents Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum †¢ The Power of Management Capital 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy 1 1 Text Jones−George †¢ Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. Leadership

Learning About Organizational Hawthorne †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss the Learning About Organizational Hawthorne? Answer: Introducation Learning about organizational behavior by Hawthorne, Elton, Mayo, and Roethlisberger shades light on management practices of the 1920s(Mayo, 2014). These are crucial in understanding attitudes and behavior in the organization. Complex organizations today have linear processes, which help managers to resolve conflicts. This was not the case in the 19th and 20th Centuries. During my employment period, I came across an encounter in which two employees had a disagreement about their job roles. Both employees worked in the same department and team. However, one felt that she had to go the extra mile in accomplishing her tasks. However, the other one was always the least dedicated. As the manager, I sought to find out the problem only to realize that they had different personalities. In support of Linda Hill(Hill, 2003), becoming a manager requires a mastery of management approaches. I developed a new identity from an individual identity to a manager identity as a sign of professional grow th. Before I could solve the conflict between the two employees, I had to listen. Managerial tasks today are different from traditional supervisors. Over time, I have learnt to respect other peoples identity. The fact that people can manage tasks differently and effectively gives me confidence to delegate the tasks. Management is about planning organizing controlling, and leading. It helps the manager to channel resources in the right direction, and enhancing performance. Managers have a hard time making decisions, informing and leading people(Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, Lamplel, 2010). I represent the company through different forums such as stakeholders meeting and PR events. Within the organization, I act as a liaison and employees respect me. Being a leader enables me to make decisions, allocate resources within different departments and I negotiate with the managers on areas where there are gaps(Mintberg, 2011). Today, the roles of a manager require technical and conceptual skills. I took a business management course for skills in global management. As a modern day manager, I believe in leading than supervising because championing a vision requires interpersonal relationships. I compare these to Fredrick Taylors concerns for the exploitation of workers revolutionized the industry in the 19th Cen tury(Taylor, 2004). As the father of scientific management, he suggested precise thinking in order to develop solutions. My style of leadership borrows largely from change creation and empowering others. This approach is better because it encourages employees to work as a team and not compete. Competition breeds conflict and delegation of roles helps me to empower employees rather than doing it for them. In line with Fredrick Taylor, continuous improvement in management is a better approach to management because it improves things. Being a workaholic is a weakness because it hinders my ability to empower other people. This would be a problem in a hierarchical organization where Max Webers approach on bureaucracy or red tape management appears(Hughes, 2012). Henri Fayols administrative principles encourage unity of command and division of labor to classify structures and design communication approaches for better functions. Human and business studies also shaped the industry by introducing human centered approaches. The Hawthorne electric plant studies is an example of a human focused management dedicated to making people better for productivity(Kiechel, 2012). This led to humanist psychologists like Maslow who propagated the use of motivation. Behaviorists and systems approaches merged to highlight the integration of people and behavior. Management science as a segment of leadership involves computerized management styles in operations management (supply chain), quality control, production-planning, forecasting, scenario planning. It facilitates for the installation of ideal management systems for maximum output. Understanding self and others (607 Words) Having workd as a manager in one of the banking institution, I could not help but notice change as a continuous process in the company. New directors came, some employees retired and some managers lost their jobs. I had the opportunity to work as a leader in a mid-level management post. This had interesting opportunities because I was in charge of effecting change in the company(Tasler, 2017). I agree that change is a difficult process but it is necessary and unavoidable in life. In this organization, change had a plan. We planned for training and sometimes it would take months or a year to complete the process. As a professional, I had to change my tactics of managing organizations. After learning about management practices and leadership styles, I chose to take a transformational approach in order to survive in a changing environment. Managers currently face challenges in management because of personality differences. After self-awareness practices, I agree with Samson Daft ( 2015 ) who says that leadership is about influencing people to attain certain goals. While working at the corporate department, I clearly saw a demonstration of Henri Fayols four functions of leadership. The department had resources set aside for its planning, organizing, leading and controlling units (Fayol, 2016). In my opinion, leadership is a desirable element in an organization. I prefer to call myself a leader than a manager because of my abilities. I innovate, I am good with ideas and I do not like imitating others. I came to this conclusion after taking lessons about the difference between leadership and management(Ratcliffe, 2013). Leadership is an act of getting people to perform tasks while management is the control pf resources. I noticed that good managers at the bank were those whose teams were always performing. However, some managers had challenges leading people their performance was dismal. Management revolves around different functions. From experience, planning helped me to select the best action plan for the organization goals. This helped me to lead and organize people in different tasks.(Cherry, K;, 2017) I also used controls such as rewards to motivate the teams and individual s towards performance. Measuring performance is good for efficiency and effectiveness and my idea is to use these as yardstick measures for employee management(Kerzn er, 2013). Performing efficiently includes the reduction of wastage in resource use. My colleagues emphasized on efficiency as the new management tactic. I recall allocating roles according to competence and offering further training instead of hiring new employees for additional tasks. It is more effective and efficient to offer training instead of hiring new workers. The organization I worked for was a multinational company and the experience gave me exposure working in a complex environment at a global level. The high competition in an international setup creates many uncertainties in the market environment. As a result, organizations place high emphasis on performance(Christensen, 2012). In my case, I relied on market research in order to become sensitive to consumer trends. Employee behavior is at the center of my leadership agenda because there are different theories about understanding people. One of these is the psychological understanding of motivation. In my leadership style, I use theoretical applications because accuracy in decision-making is important. Therefore, it is important to have a comprehensive analysis of social, psychology and organizational culture(Spillane, 2012). I also noticed that change is part of modern organizations. As a leader, I am a visionary and I look forward to leading efficient organizations made of productive people. As a modern day manager, I will make use of my soft skills including self-motivation and teamwork cope with change. Organizational Culture (672 Words) Organizational culture has values that every member of the organization believes in. It connects beliefs and understandings. In my opinion sustainability as a practice is like artefacts, dress code, ceremonies and symbols of the organization, which represent an image that people can use to connect to the organization. That is why I believe that the main values that individuals embrace are what characterizes the organizations. Leaders have a role of encouraging individuals to embrace positive or ethical values(Hill, 2003). This is better than simple rules written on a website or at the lounge of the organization. I have worked in organizations that have had the same cultural values for ages. This is because of the companys internal and external strategies, which target the development of the organization. I like the induction process because it helps new employees to get in and fit in. However, sometimes employees resists to the culture, especially if it is oppressive. In such a case, culture change is necessary. Sustainability is a global culture where diversity is expected. In the case of a merger, a manager needs to understand the most important strategies for the group. This is the best way to influence change and success in the organization. Managing the organization means setting boundaries and planning as well as forecasting. Effective insight into the environment enables the organization to carry out advertising and public relations effectively. Managing companies by mutual trust allows competitor businesses to combine for stronger effect. I have gained deeper insight into the advantages and disadvantages of mergers, franchising and joint ventures because of these. As a manager in international organization, I understand the challenges in the global environment and what needs to be done for success in different (Fox, 2016). Ethics is important in business because it solves ethical dilemma. Employees have individual standards, social norms, professional and organizational approaches. These might conflict with each other causing hindrances. Organiza tional behavior may be legal or illegal depending on outcome it has with the business relations. Unethical behavior includes discrimination, defrauding and malicious advertising. As a manager I know the most critical for me is the legal perspective and not my own or peoples. Philosophical ethics provides guidelines on how to make decisions(Mintberg, 2011). Utilitarianism is about the greatest good but it might not always work for the better. All people of the world believe that sustainability has long-term benefits because of the values it gives. Individualism guides moral action. As a leader, it is my responsibility to balance employees needs and the organizations needs in order to prevent conflict of interest. Procedures set rules to guide this interaction. I am also keen on compensation justice because most employees leave the organization because of poor pay. It is my belief that motivational strategies should focus on professional competencies and individuals achievement. In an effort to make the organization successful, I also note the importance of sustainability as an ethical factor in an organization. Focusing on stages of moral development, I borrow from stages of preconvention, conventional, and post conventional, which guides on decision-making. In this case, I have an insight on how to use my leadership style in the manage ment of employee behavior. Some employees require transformational leadership while others need a team-oriented manager. This may vary according to whether the employee is keen on the tasks or the rewards or participation. Decision-making guides are important for managers and leaders too. They support the truth in order to reduce corporate scandal. The example brings to mind segments of ethical leadership, which becomes a reality during practice. Kohlberg 1976, which discuss the Heinz Dilemma, 3(Gibbs, 1977). Customers prefer to buy from reputable organizations and employees prefer to work in organizations with respect. Milton freedman offered a triple dimensional approach to businesses identify(Carroll, 1979). From my research, successful companies highlights strategic business measure, depth and business environment and culture(Samson Daft, 2015). Ethics, Social responsibility and sustainability (663 Words) Sustainability as an important part of management in the workplace looks at the population growth, consumption per person, resource management and climatic concerns(Ashby, Leat, Hudson-Smith, 2012). This widens the inequality gap reducing the focus on materialism. By encouraging ethical practices, it influences leaders to live by the discipline instead of external influence. The use of technology adds value to the organization through improved performance like safety measures. Technology influences decisions on quality and improved functions. As a leader, I cannot ignore the role of emerging trend like sustainability in the workplace. The Increasing use of digital devices in position for performances. Mackenzie notes this a replacement of human capacity hence loss of jobs. All industries have traces of technology in its communication, customer care and task management. At the same time, I realize that technology is giving people opportunities. Professionals can now apply for global jobs through online adverts and portals. From management being production focused to people centered gave people motivation in good working environment. Improvement of output was evident in improved organizations. Drastic improvements brought changes including the reduction on workers demonstration and production plants became more efficient. A number of research on different business systems brought to, light the essence of human contribution to production. Over time, managers began to think about ways to make changes in an organization. For example, what do organizations need in order to compete and what difference do they make? Instead of thinking the worst of employees, I think good employers need to view these as important. The entrepreneurship era or fourth industrial revolution suggests means self-management and self-leadership focus on the individual. People are different and see the world in different perspectives( TEDx Talks;, 2017). People are part of effective management and they have different attitudes, perception, personality differences and emotional intelligence. Having worked in a global organization, I met people from different value beliefs. In the process, I agree that caring for the environment has two sides of the coin. It is an ethical practice for all organizations as well as an organizational str ategy. Diversity is also important today and it is evident in cross-cultural organizations. Human resource management connects people to company objectives in order to connect their expertise, focus and commitment. For some companies, sustainable plans focus on making employee environment better. In a group, which is culturally diverse, stereotyping is common and it affects relationships(Yang Konrad, 2011). As a leader, I have a responsibility of managing the diversity by helping employees to change their attitude about people. Bias leads to discrimination in the work force based on race, religion, social or other differences. Perception as a topic of discussion brings out the psychologists notion of field dependence, which states that people view the same things differently. However, this does not make them right. Perception distortion helps managers to look at two sides of a coin. The course open my eyes to being objective when making decisions because there could be self-deception, optimism, self-fulfilling prophesy or confirmation bias. The world expects leaders to sho w wisdom so a manager needs to avoid giving a negative impression management. This includes matters of ethics and values. Being a leader calls for having concern for people. I believe in giving a good impression although sometimes people could mistake kindness for weakness. In the use of sustainability as a Corporate Social Responsibility, perception becomes an advantage with different outlooks according to the organization(Larceneux, Moreau, Parguel, 2011). Individual differences are important for learning, and helping others to become self-aware. A good leader is self-aware first because those who cannot manage themselves cannot manage others. Organizational strategy connects people and the context of the organization (Geert, 2017). Different people interact with the organization namely, the competitors, suppliers, labour market. These interact within the environment, which is technological, sociocultural, economic, legal and international. As a leader, I should be aware of the p roduction technology involved, organization structure, corporate culture and employees. References TEDx Talks;. (2017, March 9). Seeing the world as it isnt. Retrieved from You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Il_D3Xt9W0index=2list=PLvIjyP2mJiWqUtU-qSlyiSGCqbJB9NXL6 Ashby, A., Leat, M., Hudson-Smith, M. (2012). Making connections: a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature. Supply Chain Management : An International Journal, 497-516. Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate perfomance. Academy of management review, 4(4), 497-505. Cherry, K;. (2017, May 08). The big five personality traits. Verywell. Retrieved August 29, 2017, from https://www.verywell.com/the-big-five-personality-dimensions-2795422 Christensen, C. M. (2012). The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press. Fayol, H. (2016). General and industrial management. Ravenio Books. Fox, J. (2016). How to lead a quest . QLD: Wiley. Geert, H. (2017). Welcome to the organisational culture click Learn App. Retrieved from Geert Hofstede: https://geert-hofstede.com/culture-and-strategy.html Gibbs, J. (1977). Kohlberg's stages of moral judgement: A constructive critique. Harvard Educational Review, 43-61. Hill, L. (2003). Becoming a manager: How new managers master the challenges of leadership. HBR. Hughes, O. (2012). Public management and administration. Macmillan. Kerzner, H. (2013). Project management: A systems approach to planning scheduling and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kiechel, W. (2012). The management century. Harvard Business Review, 62-75. Larceneux, F., Moreau, B. F., Parguel, B. (2011). How sustainability ratings might deter greenwashing a closer look at ethical corporate communication. Journal of Busines Ethics. Mayo, E. (2014). The social problems of industrial civilization. Routledge. Mintberg, H. (2011). Managing . SanFrancisco: Berret-Koehler. Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., Lamplel, J. (2010). Management? Its not what you think. New York: AMACOM. Ratcliffe, R. (2013). Whats the difference between leadership and management? The Guardian. Retrieved August 27, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/careers/difference-between-leadership-management Samson, D., Daft, R. (2015). Management ( Fifth Asia Pacific Edition). Melbourne: Cengage. Spillane, J. (2012). Distributed leadership. John Wiley Sons. Tasler, N. (2017, July 19). Stop using the excuse "organizational change is hard". HBR. Retrieved August 29, 2017, from https://hbr.org/2017/07/stop-using-the-excuse-organizational-change-is-hard Taylor, F. W. (2004). Scientific management. Routledge. Yang, Y., Konrad, A. (2011). Understanding diversity management practices: Implications of institutional theory and resource based theory. Group Organization Management, 36(1), 6-38.